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In November 2020, the average air temperature in Belarus was +3.8°C, which is 2.9°C higher than the climatic norm. The above zero air temperature anomaly spread everywhere, all three decades of the month were warm. In November, the country received an average of 35.9 mm of precipitation (78% of the climatic norm). During the month, precipitation fell unevenly. In the first and second decades, there was a shortage of precipitation, in the third it fell slightly above the norm. In the first decade of November, precipitation fell mainly in the form of rain. In the second and third decades of the month, snowfall and sleet were recorded; in some areas, snow cover was established for a short time. On the last day of the month, its height in most of the territory was from 0.5 to 16 cm. In the first two decades of November, fluctuations in water levels were observed on the rivers; in the third decade of the month, an increase in water levels was observed on most rivers of the country, due to precipitation. By the end of the month on the Neman near Grodno, Dnieper near Mogilev, Zhlobin and Loev, Berezina near Bobruisk and Sozhe near Gomel, the water levels were below the marks limiting navigation. The water content of the Neman and Pripyat was 40-50% less than the norm, and the water content of the Western Dvina, Viliya, Western Bug, Dnieper, Berezina and Sozh was close to the usual for this time of year and somewhat less than it. The average water temperature in the rivers in November was 4.1-8.3°C, which is 2-4°C higher than usual for this time of year.

In December, the air temperature drops rapidly from the first decade to the third decade. In 26% of years, the coldest is the first decade, in 33% of years is the second decade, in 41% of years is the third decade. December is the first month of winter. However, atmospheric processes, especially in the first half of the month, they still retain the features of the transitional season. Therefore, unstable weather with significant fluctuations in air temperature is often observed in December. Quite often, the first five days and even the first ten days of the month are very warm. During December, 13-20 days are usually marked with a thaw. Cold spells are most likely in the second half of December. The monthly average air temperature in December (climatic norm) ranges from 1.3°C in the South-West to -4.7°C in the North-East of Belarus and, compared to November temperature, decreases by 4°C. In some years, it can significantly differ from the long-term average values. So, December 1960, 1971, 1974, 1982, 2000, 2004, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019 were warmer than usual by 3-5°С. The warmest was December 2006 with an average air temperature in the Republic was +2.6°C, which is 5.9°C higher than the climatic norm. Cold weather (below the climatic norm by 3-6 ° С) was noted in December 1959, 1963, 1969, 1995, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2010. December 1978 was very cold (6.7°C below the climatic norm), when the average air temperature in the Republic was -10°C. In December, the average night air temperature is within from -4°С to -7°С, daytime from - 2°С to +1°С. The absolute minimum (-38.6°С) was recorded at the Ezerische meteorological station in 1978, the absolute maximum air temperature in December (+14.5°С) was recorded in Brest in 1961. The duration of sunshine per month is 24-33 hours. On average, 35-58 mm of precipitation falls per month (climatic norm). The minimum monthly amount of precipitation is 2-17 mm, the maximum is 71-143 mm  (2-3 monthly norms). In some cases, 16-41 mm of precipitation may fall per day. The timing of the formation of stable snow cover, depending on the nature of the weather, varies greatly from year to year. Snow cover in most of the territory of Belarus is usually established in the first - second decades of December, in the extreme southern regions - in the third decade. Its height by the end of the month reaches an average of 4-10 cm. If warm weather prevails in December, then snow falls only in January. December usually has 3 to 15 days with fog and ice, from 2 to 5 days with a blizzard and from 18 to 21 days with precipitation. The average monthly air temperature is expected to be 1°C higher than the climatic norm (norm -1 -5°C). The monthly amount of precipitation is assumed to be near the climatic norm, in some places less than it (norm 35-58 mm).  

The average air temperature in Belarus in October 2020 was + 10.5°C, which is 3.8°C higher than the climatic norm. October of the current year was the warmest since 1945. Prior to that, the warmest was October 1967 with an average air temperature of + 9.7°C. The above zero temperature anomaly spread throughout the country. The average air temperature in all three decades was above normal. The warmest were the first and third decades with the positive anomaly of the ten-day temperature equal to 5.4°С and 4.6°С, respectively. The second decade was 1.4°C warmer than usual. In October, the national average was 57.1 mm of precipitation (114% of the climatic norm). Precipitation fell unevenly across the country. The most humid was the Mogilev region, where 80.4 mm or 146% of the norm fell per month. The least precipitation fell on the territory of Grodno region - 41.9 mm or 89% of the climatic norm. In the first ten days of October, a decrease in water levels was noted on the rivers, in the second and third decades of the month, an increase in water levels due to precipitation prevailed on the rivers, as a result of which on the on the Dnieper near Zhlobin and Rechitsa on the Berezina near Svetlogorsk, on the Sozh near Krichev, Slavgorod and Gomel improved conditions for river transport. The water content of most rivers was close to the usual for this time of year and somewhat less than it, only the water content of the Western Bug, Pripyat and Sozh in its lower reaches is significantly less than the norm by 40-60%. The average water temperature in the rivers in October was 10-13°C, which is 2-4°C higher than usual for this time of year.  

In October, the air temperature drops rapidly from the first decade to the third. In 59% of years, the warmest is the first decade, about once at 3 years old, the second decade is the warmest, and at 8% of years - the third decade. Frequent invasions of cold air masses in November in combination with a negative radiation balance of the earth's surface create conditions for the formation of a winter weather regime. The air temperature is increasingly becoming negative. The transition of the average daily temperature through 0 ° С towards a decrease is considered the beginning of winter. On average, it begins in the Northern and North-Eastern regions of the Republic in the second decade and ends in the South-West at the end of the third decade, and in Brest this transition is carried out on December 3. Average monthly air temperature (climate norm) in November ranges from -0.6°C in the North-East to +2.7°C in the South-West and West of the Republic and decreases by 5.4-6.3°C compared to October. In some years, it may deviate from the climate norm. Thus, November 1978, 1996, 2000, 2010, 2013, 2019 was warmer than usual by 3-4°С, the warmest November was in 1996, when the average monthly air temperature was + 4.9°С. Colder by 3-4°C was November 1946, 1956, 1965, and 1988. Very cold (at 6-7°C below normal) was in November 1993 and 1998. The air temperature during the day is usually ranges from + 1.9°C to +5.4°C, at night is from -2.9°C to +0.4°C, in half of the years it falls below -8 -13°C. The absolute maximum temperature (+24.1°C) was noted in Mozyr on November 1, 1926, and the absolute minimum temperature (-27.4°C) was recorded in Yezerishche on November 30, 1992. Precipitation in November is more often in the form of snow. The earliest date of snow cover formation is the end of October, and in the South and West of Belarus – the first half of November. A stable snow cover is usually formed only in December. The average precipitation in November is between 40 mm and 55 mm (climate norm). If the weather is cyclonic, it can increase to 87-165 mm (2-3 climate norms). The minimum amount of precipitation in November does not exceed 0-16 mm. Average number of days with precipitation is 15-20, with fogs is 6-17. For a month, there may be 2-5 days with ice and frost deposits.

  Overview of the water regime of rivers in September In the first decade of September, on most rivers of Belarus, there was an increase in water levels due to precipitation, as a result of which conditions for river transport on the Western Dvina near Vitebsk were improved. In the second and third decades of September, a decline in water levels prevailed on the rivers. In September, the water content of the Western Dvina was slightly higher than usual for this time of year, the water content of the Berezina, the Dnieper, the Sozh and the Neman near Stolbtsy was close to the norm, and the water content of the Viliya, the Zapadny Bug, the Pripyat and the Neman in the Belitsa – Grodno section was two times less than the norm. In some parts of the Neman, the Viliya and some tributaries of the Pripyat, the values of the minimum water levels were close to multiyear minimums for this month. At present, there is a decrease in water levels with a daily intensity of 1-14 cm on the rivers of Belarus. Unfavorable conditions for the operation of river transport are observed on the Neman near Grodno, on the Dnieper near Mogilev, Zhlobin, Rechitsa and Loev, on the Berezina near Bobruisk and Svetlogorsk, on the Sozh near Krichev, Slavgorod and Gomel. Forecast information on minimum water levels in October In October, the minimum water levels in rivers are predicted to be below the long-term average values. On the Neman, the Berezina, the Pripyat and in the lower reaches of the Sozh, the minimum water levels are expected to be close to the lowest values for the entire observation period, and on the Neman near Grodno, the water level will drop below the multiyear minimum.

In August 2020, the average air temperature in Belarus was +18.6°C, which is 1.3°C higher than the climatic norm. All three decades were warm. It was warmer in the first and third decade, the average air temperature of which was higher than the norm by 1.6 and 1.8ºС, respectively. On average, there was a lack of precipitation throughout the country: 58.6 mm fell or 87% of the monthly norm. Some meteorological stations recorded 1.5-2 monthly precipitation norms. During the month, the precipitation was extremely uneven. In the first and second decade of August, there was a strong deficit of precipitation: 19% and 42% of the norm fell, respectively. In the third decade, there was an excess of moisture: 208% of the ten-day norm dropped out. In the first two decades of August, the rivers showed mainly a decline in water levels and their even course. As a result, on the Western Dvina near Vitebsk, the Dnieper near Mogilev, Zhlobin, Rechitsa and Loyev, the Berezina near Svetlogorsk, the Sozh near Krichev, Slavgorod and Gomel conditions for river transport have become worse. On the Sozh tributary, the Oster near Khodun, the water level dropped below the mark of the water outlet to the floodplain. In the third decade, most rivers showed an increase in water levels due to precipitation. The minimum water levels in certain sections of the rivers of the Neman, the Viliya and the Pripyat basins approached the multiyear minimums for August, and on the Yaselda near the Bereza (a tributary of the Pripyat) the value of the minimum water level dropped below the historical minimum for this time of year. In August, the water content of the Berezina was 15-20% less than the norm, the Western Dvina, the Neman, the Viliya, the Western Bug and the Pripyat were half the usual for this time of year. The water content of the Sozh, the Dnieper near Orsha and Rechitsa was higher than the norm by 10-35% and the Dnieper in Mogilev-Zhlobin section by 55-65%. The average monthly water temperature in the rivers and reservoirs of the country was +16 +23°С, which was close and somewhat lower than usual for this time of year.

Air temperature will be decreasing from the first decade to the third in September. In 75% of years, the warmest decade is the first one, sometimes (about once per 5 years) the second decade is the warmest one and once per 20 years - the third decade one. September is the first month of autumn, the beginning of which is considered to be the transition of the average daily air temperature through +14°С downward (the end of the climatic summer). On average, the transition occurs in the first decade of September. The average monthly air temperature (climatic norm) ranges from +11°С in the north-east to +13°С in the south-west of the republic and, compared to August, will decrease by 5°С. Depending on the nature of the development of atmospheric processes in certain years, it will deviate from the climatic norm. September 1955, 1975, 1994, 2015, 2018 were warmer than usual by 2-3°С, September 1959, 1973, 1977, 1978, 1986, 1990, 1993, 1996 were colder - by 2-3°С. In the daytime, the air most often warms up to +15 +19°С, on the warmest days in half of the year - up to +23 +27°С. The absolute maximum air temperature in September was recorded on September 1, 2015 in Zhitkovichi and amounted to +35.6°С. The night air temperature is usually +6 + 9°С. The absolute minimum (-8.5°С) was recorded on the night of September 29, 1966 at the Polesskaya weather station. At the end of September, the first autumn frosts are usually observed in the air in the north-eastern regions of the republic. First frosts on the surface of the soil in most of the country can already be observed in the first decade of September, everywhere - in the second decade of the month. In the case of a very warm autumn, there are no frosts in September. On average, there are 11-16 days with precipitation per month and 49-77 mm of precipitation falls (climatic norm). From year to year, the monthly amount of precipitation varies significantly, and in the rainy months the amount of precipitation can reach 2-3 monthly norms and be 120-210 mm, in dry years it decreases to 1-18 mm. Precipitation in September falls in the form of rain, however, with strong cold snaps in the second half of the month, the first snowfall is possible, and at the end of September 1972, in some places in Vitebsk, Minsk and Mogilev regions for a short time the first snow cover was established. In September, on average, there are 3-8 days with fog, the maximum number of days with fog are 13-17. Thunderstorm activity in September weakens, and on average there are only 1-2 days with a thunderstorm. The average monthly air temperature in September 2020 is expected to be 1-1.5 degrees higher than the average long-term values(climatic norm +11 +13°С). Monthly precipitation in September 2020 is assumed within the climatic norm (climatic norm 49-77 mm).

Overview of hydrological situation of August In the first two decades of August, rivers showed mainly a decline in water levels and their even course. As a result, on the Western Dvina near Vitebsk, on the Dnieper near Mogilev, Zhlobin, Rechitsa and Loev, on the Berezina near Svetlogorsk, on the Sozh near Krichev, Slavgorod and Gomel conditions for river transport have become worse. On the Oster a tributary of the Sozh near the village of Khodun, the water level dropped below the mark of the water outlet to the floodplain. In the third decade, most rivers showed an increase in water levels due to precipitation. In August, water content of the Berezina was 15-20% less than the norm, the Western Dvina, the Neman, the Viliya, the Western Bug and the Pripyat were half of the usual for this time of year. Water content of the Sozh, the Dnieper near Orsha and Rechitsa was higher than the norm by 10-35% and the Dnieper in Mogilev-Zhlobin section by 55-65%. Minimum water levels in certain sections of rivers of the Neman, the Viliya and the Pripyat basins approached multiyear minimums for August, and on the Yaselda near Bereza (a tributary of the Pripyat), minimum water level dropped below the historical minimum for this time of year. Rivers are dominated by an increase in water levels as of the forecast date. On the navigable sections of the Western Dvina, the Neman, the Dnieper, the Berezina and the Sozh unfavorable conditions for the operation of river transport are observed. Forecast information on the minimum water levels in September Minimum water levels in September are projected below the multiyear averages for this time of year.

Opening ceremony of the site "Construction of a Doppler meteorological radar on the territory of the Grodno airport" (hereinafter - the opening ceremony) was held at 11:00 a.m. on August 6, 2020 on the territory of t Grodno airport (near the agro-town of Obukhovo).    Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus Andrei Khudyk attended the ceremony together with representatives of Grodno regional and district executive committees, and engineering organizations of PRODOM LLC and the Brest branch of Institute BelNIIS - Scientific and Technical Center.                                     www.grodnonews  A solemn speech was made by the Minister of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus Andrei Khudyk, Deputy Chairman of Grodno Regional Executive Committee Vladimir Deshko, Director of branch of the Research Republican Unitary Enterprise for Construction "Institute BelNIIS" - Scientific and Technical Center (Brest) Valery Derkach, Director of Limited Liability Company "Prodom" (Brest) Andrey Dyakov.                                                                                                                                                                               Network of radar observations development on the territory of Belarus will create a unified radar field, increase the lead time and accuracy of storm warnings on severe and adverse weather events. Forecasts of a short lead time (up to 6 hours) are mostly needed for ensuring the safety of aircraft flights, construction, agriculture (during agrotechnical work), during sport events.   Processing of radar data allows forecasters to build meteorological maps of severe weather events, the height of the upper cloudiness limit, the amount and intensity of precipitation, the speed of gusps, to determine the presence of turbulence and icing zones and other parameters.                                                www.grodnonews  Radar observation network on the territory of the Republic of Belarus consisted of two Doppler meteorological radars (hereinafter - DMR) located in Minsk and Gomel, and an old-constructed meteorological radar (MR-5) in Brest. At the end of 2019, a new DMR was built in Vitebsk, and by the end of 2020 MR-5 in Brest will be replaced with a new DMR.  Radar observation network of Belhydromet will consist of 5 radars combined into one system with the introduction of the DMR in Grodno.                                       www.grodnonews Symbolic ribbon was cut in a solemn atmosphere at the end of the event, that gave a start to the implementation of radar observations in Grodno.   

The 3rd belarusian-polish expert working groups meeting in the field of meteorology, hydrology and aeronautical meteorology between Belhydromet and Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW-PIB) was held on February 19, 2020.      The delegation of IMGW-PIB of the Republic of Poland was headed by Malgozhata Machuga, deputy director of the country's hydrological safety center. The delegation included: Isabella Zablotzka, head of central bureau of civil aviation predictions - meteorological tracking authority, Rafale Lewando, head of remote sensing sector, Jacek Trzosowski, head of international cooperation sector.    Sviatlana Kuzmich, deputy head of Belhydromet, made welcome remarks. In the speech, she noted the urgent need and importance of developing cooperation between National Hydrometeorological Services of the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Poland. The following issues were discussed during the meeting: carrying out of practical training course for Belhydromets weather forecasters at Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute in 2020; the experience of using SADIS output data for the formation of software products produced by IMGW-PIB; the use of the AIREP information formation system issued within the flight information region of the Republic of Poland; the features of climate services of economic sectors, government and the population in the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Belarus (the question is related to the sphere of climate); the results of joint international hydrometric and geodetic valley surveys of cross sections in the profiles of the Bug river water meter (Terespol/Brest and Wlodawa/Tamashouka); and also some other important issues.  As a result of the meeting number of fundamentally important decisions which will contribute to the development of closer interaction between Belhydromet and IMGW-PIB were made.  An agreement concerning practical training for weather forecasters in IMGW-PIB  in 2020 was reached.